Axe ’Em, Jacks!
NACOGDOCHES, Texas - According to Dr. Joey Bray, chair of Stephen F. Austin State University鈥檚 Department of Agriculture, if you purchase Pilgrim鈥檚 Pride brand chicken at your local Nacogdoches grocery store, there is a distinct possibility it was raised at 91直播鈥檚 Broiler Research Center.
Pilgrim鈥檚 Pride, one of the largest poultry producers in the U.S. and the company for which the 91直播 Broiler Research Center produces, began phasing out the use of antibiotics in its growing facilities in 2015. Since January 2017, all poultry raised at the 91直播 Broiler Research Center is raised completely antibiotic free.
Justin Glasscock, Broiler Research Center supervisor, said this change in practice was largely driven by consumer demand.
According to Bray, although the demand to raise antibiotic-free poultry is influenced by the relevant concern of the potential cultivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, it also is driven by the misconception that traces of antibiotics remain in the meat after processing and are thus ingested by the consumer.
鈥淭hat鈥檚 never the case,鈥 Bray said. 鈥淚n fact, every flock that goes to the processing plant is tested, and if it shows positive for antibiotics, it is not used.鈥
He also said the cases in which a bird does test positive for traces of antibiotics is very rare because the antibiotics are withdrawn so early in a bird鈥檚 development they are completely cleared from the animal鈥檚 system by the time it is ready for processing.
However, in stepping away from the use of antibiotics, the industry must find new ways to continue to ensure overall poultry health and satisfactory growth.
According to Bray and Glasscock, 91直播 has conducted approximately five research projects focused on determining the effectiveness of prebiotics and probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics. Glasscock conducted the most recent research in his pursuit to earn a Master of Science in agriculture from 91直播.
鈥淯nlike antibiotics, probiotics are living organisms and rely on survival and replication in the gastrointestinal tract,鈥 Glasscock said. 鈥淧robiotics are aimed at promoting the growth of beneficial gut microbes, and some more recently introduced probiotics are competitive exclusion products that help eliminate other negative microbes.鈥
Glasscock鈥檚 study evaluated the effects of feeding chickens a combination of bacteria from the genus Bacillus, as well as two treatments in which select groups of chickens were fed a combination of probiotics and a traditional antibiotic growth promoter. In addition to the regular monitoring of growth and development, intestinal samples were collected from eight randomly selected birds per treatment group and analyzed for total microbiome, or community of microorganisms.
While the treatment that utilized a combination of probiotics and a traditional antibiotic growth promoter produced the highest average yield weights, Glasscock explained that the treatments containing only probiotics also produced satisfactory results.
鈥淎lthough we did not see any statistical difference in treatments with probiotics, the weights proved to be equal to or heavier compared to the control groups,鈥 Glasscock said. 鈥淔rom this study, it was determined that probiotics Bacillus licheniformus, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis could all potentially be substituted for antibiotic growth promoters with no negative impact on average body weight and feed conversion ratio.鈥
To learn more about this and other research at 91直播, contact Bray at (936) 468-3705 or jbray@sfasu.edu.